The foundation
Original Medicare is the government program. You can generally see any doctor or hospital that accepts Medicare, anywhere in the U.S., without a plan network. After deductibles, Part B typically pays 80% of approved amounts for many outpatient services.
Gaps people often fill
Original Medicare does not include a yearly out-of-pocket maximum for Parts A and B in the same way Medicare Advantage does. Many people add Medigap to make costs more predictable, and a Part D plan for prescriptions.
What it usually does not cover
Routine dental, vision, and hearing; most long-term custodial care; and care outside the U.S. (with limited exceptions) are generally not covered. Some people value Medicare Advantage extra benefits for those gaps; others prefer Medigap plus standalone extras.